ENHANCEMENT OF GRID PRIMARY FREQUENCY RESPONSE USING TYPE 3 AND TYPE 4 WECS WITH VIRTUAL INERTIA CONTROL
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May 15, 2019
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Abstract
With proliferation of wind energy, the Variable Speed Wind Turbine inertial response is current research interest. This research work, analyzes Virtual Inertia Control (VIC) technique for VSWT to provide active power support during power imbalance due to sudden load change on large interconnected power system. The traditional maximum power point tracking curve has been modified based on frequency deviation for kinetic energy extraction from VSWT in order to improve primary frequency response of the Grid. The simplified DFIG (Type-3) model, PMSM-FRPC (Type-4) model, IG-FRPC (Type-4) model Wind Turbine Generators (WTGs) with VIC has been aggregated and integrated into two area power systems which include hydro and thermal power plants. The performances of above WTGs are compared under VIC control. The MATLAB/SIMULINK has been deployed to carry out simulation. Simulation results depicted a smooth recovery of rotor speed to optimal value, reduced Rate of Change of Frequency (ROCOF) and improved frequency nadir for effective grid support.
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References
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[2] Pena J, Clare C, Asher G. M, DFIG using back-to-back PWM converters and its application to VSWEG, IEE Proc. Electr.power Appl
[3] Muller S,Deicke M, De Doncker R. W, DFIG systems for wind turbines, IEEE Industial Application. Magazine.,2002, 8, 26–33.
[4] Slootweg J. G, General model for representing VSWTs in power system dynamics simulations, IEEE Transaction on Power Systems.,2003, 18, 144–151.
[5] Ekanayake J.B, Holdsworth L, Jenkins N, Comparison of 5th order and 3rd order machine models for DFIG wind turbines, Electric Power Systems Research, 2003, 67 ,207-215.
[6] EkanayakeJ, Jenkins N, Comparison of the response of DFIG and FSIG wind turbines to changes in network frequency, IEEE Trans. Energy Conversion.,2004, 19,800–802.
[7] Lalor G, Mullane A, Malley M. O, Frequency control and wind turbine technologies, IEEE Transactions on power systems, 2005, 20, 1905-1913
[8] Mullane A, Malley M. O, The Inertial Response of Induction-Machine-Based Wind Turbines, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 2005, 20, 1496-1503
[9] Morren J,Haan S, Kling W. L., Ferreira, J. A, Wind turbines emulating inertia and supporting primary frequency control, IEEE Transactions on Power System.,2006, 21,433–434.
[10] Ramtharan, G.; Ekanayake, J. B.; Jenkins, N, Frequency support from DFIG wind turbines, IET Renew. Power Generation, 2007, 1, 3–9.
[11] Almeida de, R.G., Lope,s J.A.P, Participation of DFIGs in system frequency regulation, , IEEE Trans. Power Systems., 2007, 22,944–950.
[12] Ekanayake J.B., Jenkins N. Strbac G, Frequency Response From Wind Turbines, Wind Engineering, 2008, 32,6, 573–586.
[13] Ullah, N.R., Karlsson, D. Thiringer, T, Temporary primary frequency control support by VSWTs—potential and application, IEEE Trans. Power Systems., 2008, 23,601–612.
[14] Mauricio, J. M., Marano, A., Gomez-Exposito, A., Martinez Ramos J. L.: , Frequency regulation contribution through VSWECS, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 2009, 24, 173-180.
[15] Anaya-Lara, O., Jenkins, N, Ekanayake, J.B.,Cartwright, P, Hughes, M, Wind Energy Generation: Modeling and Control,, 1st ed, Wiley ,New York, USA:, 2009, 217-237.
[16] Krishnan, R, Permanent Magnet Synchronous and Brushless DC Motor Drives, 1st ed, Taylor and Francis Group, New York, USA, 2010, 279-328
[17] Clark, K., Miller, N. W , S´anchez-Gasca J. J, Modeling of GE wind turbine-generators for grid studies, Gen. Electr. Int., Inc., Schenectady, NY, USA, 2010, 4,1-92
[18] Moore Ian, F, Inertial Response from Wind Turbines, PhD Thesis, Cardiff University, Wales, UK, 2012
[19] Hansen, A. D., Altin, M., Margaris, I. D., Iov, F.,Tarnowski, G. C, Analysis of the short-term overproduction capability of VSWTs, Renewable Energy, 2014, 68, 326-336.
[20] Ravichandran, S., Kumudini Devi, R.P.,Bharathidasan,S.G., Evangelin Jeba,V, Coordinated controller design of grid connected DFIG based wind turbine using response surface methodology and NSGA II, Elsevier, Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments,2014,8, 120-130
[21] Bharathidasan, S.G., Kumudini Devi, R.P., Ravichandran,S.: , Coordinated controller design of PMSGâ€based wind turbine using response surface methodology and NSGAII, International Transactions on Electrical Energy Systems ,2015, 2781-2799
[22] Wang, Y., Meng J., Zhang, X, Xu, L, Control of PMSG based wind turbines for system inertial response and power oscillation damping, IEEE Trans. Sustain. Energy, 2015, 6, 565–574.
[23] Licari, J, Ekanayake,J, Coordinated inertia response from permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) based wind farms,, Journal of the National Science Foundation of Sri Lanka , 2015,43.347-355
[24] Ochoa, D., Martinez S, Fast Frequency Response Provided by DFIG Wind Turbines and its Impact on the Grid, IEEE Trans. Power Syst.,2017, 32, 4002–4011.
[25] Krause, P,Wasynczuk, O., Sudhoff, S, Analysis of Electric Machinery and Drive Systems, 2nd ed, Wiley-IEEE Press, New York, 2002,141-190.